In a major leap toward self-reliance in defense technology, India is set to develop its very own fifth-generation fighter jet—the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) . In a historic move, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved an innovative execution model for the indigenous stealth fighter programme. This model brings together Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and private industry players in a competitive framework, marking a significant shift in how India approaches military aviation manufacturing. This bold initiative comes at a critical time, as China has already fielded two fifth-generation fighters , and reports indicate it will supply 40 J-35 stealth jets to Pakistan . Against this backdrop, fast-tracking the AMCA has become an urgent national security imperative. AMCA: India’s Indigenous Stealth Fighter Dream The AMCA project , spearheaded by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) , received its l...
Keeling Curve: Tracking the Rise of Atmospheric CO₂
In 2024, atmospheric CO₂ levels reached a record high, driven by wildfires and human activities, as reported by the Keeling Curve. This alarming rise underscores the accelerating impact of climate change on our planet.
What is the Keeling Curve?- The Keeling Curve is a graph that tracks the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in Earth's atmosphere over time, measured in parts per million (ppm).
- It is one of the most critical indicators of long-term climate change and global warming trends.
When & Where Did It Begin?
- Continuous CO₂ measurements began in 1958 at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii.
- It remains the longest-running and most reliable dataset on atmospheric CO₂ levels.
Who Developed It?
✔ Charles David Keeling, an American scientist, pioneered the first accurate measurements of atmospheric CO₂.
✔ His work proved the direct link between human activities and rising CO₂ levels.
Climate Change Indicator
- The steady rise in CO₂ levels shown in the Keeling Curve is strong evidence of global warming.
- It reflects the impact of burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities.
Record CO₂ Levels in 2024
- In 2024, CO₂ levels surpassed previous records, driven by:
- Increased fossil fuel emissions from industries and transportation.
- Wildfires, which released large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere.
- Deforestation, reducing the Earth's natural ability to absorb CO₂.
Global Impact of Rising CO₂
Rising CO₂ contributes to:
✔ Extreme weather (heatwaves, storms, droughts).
✔ Rising sea levels due to polar ice melt.
✔ Ocean acidification, harming marine life.
To stabilize CO₂ levels, global efforts must focus on:
✔ Shifting to renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro).
✔ Reducing fossil fuel dependency and promoting energy efficiency.
✔ Expanding forest cover to enhance CO₂ absorption.
With continued monitoring via the Keeling Curve, scientists can track climate trends and advocate for stronger environmental policies.