Brucellosis: A Zoonotic Bacterial Disease
Recent Case in India
- Recently, an eight-year-old girl from Kottakkal in Malappuram district of Kerala succumbed to Brucellosis, bringing attention to this zoonotic disease.
What is Brucellosis?
- Type: Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by species of the Brucella genus.
- Common Brucella Species:
- Brucella melitensis (most prevalent in humans)
- Brucella abortus (common in cattle)
- Brucella suis (affects swine)
- Brucella canis (affects dogs)
- The disease primarily affects livestock but can be transmitted to humans.
Transmission of Brucellosis
- Animal-to-Human Transmission:
- Direct contact with infected animals (cattle, goats, sheep, swine, and dogs).
- Consumption of contaminated dairy products such as unpasteurized milk and cheese.
- Inhalation of airborne bacteria, especially in farms, slaughterhouses, and laboratories.
- Human-to-Human Transmission:
- Extremely rare but can occur through blood transfusions, sexual contact, or breastfeeding.
Symptoms of Brucellosis in Humans
- Initial Symptoms: Fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, joint pain, and loss of appetite.
- Chronic Symptoms: Arthritis, endocarditis (heart inflammation), neurological issues, and long-term fatigue.
Risk Factors for Brucellosis
- Occupational Risks: Farmers, veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers, and laboratory personnel handling animals.
- Environmental Factors: Poor animal husbandry practices and lack of hygiene in food processing.
- Urbanization & Animal Industry Expansion: Increased human-animal interactions heighten the risk of outbreaks.
Prevention & Control Measures
- Vaccination: Livestock vaccination programs to reduce infection rates.
- Food Safety: Pasteurization of dairy products and proper cooking of meat.
- Hygiene Practices: Protective gear for workers handling animals and routine disinfection in farms.
- Early Diagnosis & Treatment: Antibiotic therapy for infected individuals to prevent complications.
