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🇮🇳 Indian Astronaut Returns to Space After 41 Years: Shubhanshu Shukla Aboard Axiom-4 Mission to ISS

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In a landmark moment for India's space ambitions, Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla has blasted off to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom-4 mission , marking the country's return to human spaceflight after a 41-year hiatus . This historic launch from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida has not only reignited national pride but also officially kickstarted India’s human spaceflight programme . The mission, operated by Axiom Space , includes a four-member international crew that will spend 14 days in orbit , conducting scientific research, outreach programs, and various commercial activities. This momentous occasion places India among a select group of nations capable of sending humans into space and reflects the growing prowess of the Indian space sector . A New Chapter: Shubhanshu Shukla and India’s Astronautical Comeback The last Indian to go to space was Rakesh Sharma in 1984, aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11. Now, in 2025, Shubhanshu...

Nano Bubble Technology: Revolutionary Water Purification and More

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Nano Bubble Technology: Revolutionary Water Purification and More


1. What are Nano Bubbles?

  • Nano bubbles are tiny bubbles, about 70-120 nanometers in size (about 2,500 times smaller than a grain of salt).
  • These bubbles are invisible to the naked eye and have a strong negative surface charge, which prevents them from merging with other bubbles.

2. How Do Nano Bubbles Work?

  • The negative charge on the bubbles helps separate small particles like oils, grease, and fats from water.
  • Their hydrophobic nature (repelling water) and surface charge allow them to lift dirt and organic matter from surfaces, similar to how soap works.

3. Benefits of Nano Bubble Technology:

  • Purification: Nano bubbles help in water purification by separating impurities and improving oxygenation.
  • Surface Cleaning: They lift both organic (living matter) and inorganic (non-living matter) materials from surfaces without using chemicals.

    Applications of Nano Bubble Technology

  • Water Purification:

    • Removes pollutants and impurities from water efficiently.
    • Improves oxygen levels in water, which is essential for aquatic life.

  • Agriculture:

    • Enhances oxygen in irrigation water, promoting plant growth and healthier crops.

  • Healthcare:

    • Used in cleaning medical instruments or surfaces to remove organic materials.

  • Food Industry:

    • Helps clean fruits, vegetables, and seafood by removing contaminants.

  • Industrial Cleaning:

    • Used in industries to clean equipment and surfaces without the need for harsh chemicals.

      Why It Matters

      Nano bubble technology is environmentally friendly and reduces the need for chemical cleaners and water treatment processes. It is also more efficient in oxygenating water, making it a versatile tool across multiple industries.


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