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India’s AMCA Programme Takes Flight: A Stealth Leap into the Future of Air Combat

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In a major leap toward self-reliance in defense technology, India is set to develop its very own fifth-generation fighter jet—the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) . In a historic move, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved an innovative execution model for the indigenous stealth fighter programme. This model brings together Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and private industry players in a competitive framework, marking a significant shift in how India approaches military aviation manufacturing. This bold initiative comes at a critical time, as China has already fielded two fifth-generation fighters , and reports indicate it will supply 40 J-35 stealth jets to Pakistan . Against this backdrop, fast-tracking the AMCA has become an urgent national security imperative. AMCA: India’s Indigenous Stealth Fighter Dream The AMCA project , spearheaded by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) , received its l...

Nano Bubble Technology: Revolutionary Water Purification and More

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Nano Bubble Technology: Revolutionary Water Purification and More


1. What are Nano Bubbles?

  • Nano bubbles are tiny bubbles, about 70-120 nanometers in size (about 2,500 times smaller than a grain of salt).
  • These bubbles are invisible to the naked eye and have a strong negative surface charge, which prevents them from merging with other bubbles.

2. How Do Nano Bubbles Work?

  • The negative charge on the bubbles helps separate small particles like oils, grease, and fats from water.
  • Their hydrophobic nature (repelling water) and surface charge allow them to lift dirt and organic matter from surfaces, similar to how soap works.

3. Benefits of Nano Bubble Technology:

  • Purification: Nano bubbles help in water purification by separating impurities and improving oxygenation.
  • Surface Cleaning: They lift both organic (living matter) and inorganic (non-living matter) materials from surfaces without using chemicals.

    Applications of Nano Bubble Technology

  • Water Purification:

    • Removes pollutants and impurities from water efficiently.
    • Improves oxygen levels in water, which is essential for aquatic life.

  • Agriculture:

    • Enhances oxygen in irrigation water, promoting plant growth and healthier crops.

  • Healthcare:

    • Used in cleaning medical instruments or surfaces to remove organic materials.

  • Food Industry:

    • Helps clean fruits, vegetables, and seafood by removing contaminants.

  • Industrial Cleaning:

    • Used in industries to clean equipment and surfaces without the need for harsh chemicals.

      Why It Matters

      Nano bubble technology is environmentally friendly and reduces the need for chemical cleaners and water treatment processes. It is also more efficient in oxygenating water, making it a versatile tool across multiple industries.


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