SciTech Express

BrahMos NG (Next Generation) – The Future of Supersonic Cruise Missiles Introduction BrahMos NG (Next Generation) is an advanced supersonic cruise missile developed as part of the India-Russia joint venture , aimed at enhancing precision strike capabilities. This next-gen missile is a lighter, smaller, and more versatile variant of the existing BrahMos missile, with an improved design that allows deployment across multiple platforms. Key Features of BrahMos NG First Flight Test and Production Timeline The maiden test flight is scheduled for 2026 . Production is expected to commence by 2027-28 . Design and Development BrahMos NG is being developed as a compact and advanced version of the original BrahMos missile. It is smaller and lighter , making it suitable for a broader range of platforms. The missile will feature an upgraded propulsion system for higher efficiency. Type and Deployment Supersonic cruise missile with advanced targeting capabilities . Designed for deployment on air...

Japan Unveils Reimei: World's First Hybrid Quantum Supercomputer Key Highlights: Reimei - A Quantum Leap in Computing Japan has activated Reimei , the world's first hybrid quantum supercomputer . It integrates a 20-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor with Fugaku , the world’s sixth-fastest classical supercomputer. Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing Unlike traditional superconducting qubits , Reimei employs trapped-ion qubits . Ions are isolated in electromagnetic fields (ion traps) and manipulated with lasers to store and process quantum information. Advantages of Trapped-Ion Qubits Higher stability than superconducting qubits. Longer coherence time , allowing more complex computations. Scalability and precision in quantum operations. Integration with Fugaku Supercomputer Fugaku provides classical computational power , optimizing hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. The combination enables faster simulations and problem-solving in areas like materials science, AI, and cryptog...

IRIS Chip: A Breakthrough in Indigenous Aerospace Semiconductor Technology The  Indigenous RISC-V Controller for Space Applications (IRIS)  is a revolutionary semiconductor chip jointly developed by  IIT Madras  and  ISRO . This chip is based on the  SHAKTI processor family , leveraging open-source  RISC-V architecture  to meet India's aerospace and defense needs. Below is a detailed breakdown of the development, significance, and impact of the IRIS chip. What is the IRIS Chip? IRIS stands for Indigenous RISC-V Controller for Space Applications . It is an aerospace-grade microprocessor designed specifically for use in space missions. Developed by IIT Madras in collaboration with ISRO to reduce dependency on foreign semiconductor technologies. Successfully booted and tested for reliability in extreme conditions required for space applications. What is SHAKTI Processor? SHAKTI is a class of RISC-V (Reduced Instruction Set Computer - Five) based p...

Decarbonizing the Steel Industry: IIT Bombay’s Hydrogen-Based Innovation Key Highlights The Challenge of Carbon Emissions in Steel Production Traditional steel manufacturing relies on coal-based methods, which contribute significantly to global carbon emissions. Steelmaking accounts for nearly 7-9% of total global CO₂ emissions. Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron (HDRI) IIT Bombay researchers propose using hydrogen gas instead of coal to reduce iron ore. This method significantly cuts CO₂ emissions as hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the ore to form water vapor instead of carbon dioxide. Sustainability and Environmental Benefits Reduction in reliance on fossil fuels, leading to lower greenhouse gas emissions . The process can be powered by green hydrogen , which is produced using renewable energy sources like solar or wind power . Results in a cleaner and more efficient steel production cycle. Potential Impact on the Industry If widely adopted, HDRI can make steel manufacturing a n...

IIT Madras Develops Water-less Concrete for Mars Habitats IIT Madras researchers have developed an innovative water-less concrete that could revolutionize extraterrestrial construction , specifically for building habitats on Mars . This breakthrough is crucial as water is extremely scarce on Mars, making traditional concrete production impractical. Key Highlights of the Breakthrough 1. Why Waterless Concrete for Mars? Water is an essential component in conventional concrete. However, Mars has almost no liquid water , making construction a major challenge. This new concrete eliminates the need for water , making it ideal for extraterrestrial environments. The technology aligns with the "In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)" approach, meaning materials available on Mars can be used to make the concrete . 2. What is Waterless Concrete Made Of? Martian Soil Simulants: Researchers tested the mix using Earth-based materials that mimic Mars' soil (regolith) . Geopolymer Binder...

DRDO Unveils Plans for Humanoid Robot Army to Complement Human Troops Overview The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is working on developing a humanoid robot army to support human soldiers in combat and high-risk military operations. These robots are designed to enhance battlefield efficiency, reduce casualties, and perform tasks that are too dangerous for human troops. Key Features of the Humanoid Robot Army Advanced AI Integration – The robots will be equipped with artificial intelligence for autonomous decision-making and strategic combat planning. Exoskeleton & High Mobility – Designed with a powerful exoskeleton to navigate difficult terrains and engage in military operations effectively. Surveillance & Reconnaissance – Equipped with sensors, cameras, and night vision for gathering intelligence in real-time. Combat Capabilities – These robots will be armed with weapons to assist soldiers in direct combat. Disaster Response & Rescue Operations –...

Australia’s First Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Project Approved   The New South Wales (NSW) government has granted approval for Australia’s first Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) facility near Broken Hill , a historic mining town. This project marks a significant step toward enhancing Australia’s renewable energy infrastructure and achieving energy security. What is Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)? Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is an innovative technology that stores excess energy by compressing air into underground reservoirs . When energy demand rises, the compressed air is released, driving turbines to generate electricity. It works similarly to pumped hydro storage but does not require large water resources , making it ideal for arid regions like Broken Hill . Key Features of the Broken Hill CAES Project Location & Significance The facility will be built near Broken Hill , a remote mining town with high renewable energy potential . It aims to suppo...