🇮🇳 Indian Astronaut Returns to Space After 41 Years: Shubhanshu Shukla Aboard Axiom-4 Mission to ISS

In a landmark moment for India's space ambitions, Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla has blasted off to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom-4 mission, marking the country's return to human spaceflight after a 41-year hiatus. This historic launch from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida has not only reignited national pride but also officially kickstarted India’s human spaceflight programme.

The mission, operated by Axiom Space, includes a four-member international crew that will spend 14 days in orbit, conducting scientific research, outreach programs, and various commercial activities. This momentous occasion places India among a select group of nations capable of sending humans into space and reflects the growing prowess of the Indian space sector.

A New Chapter: Shubhanshu Shukla and India’s Astronautical Comeback

The last Indian to go to space was Rakesh Sharma in 1984, aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11. Now, in 2025, Shubhanshu Shukla has taken the baton to write the next chapter of India’s extraterrestrial journey. Trained under a special Indo-American initiative with Axiom Space and NASA, Shukla represents not just a new generation of astronauts, but the embodiment of India’s global space ambitions.

Shukla’s inclusion in Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is significant because it aligns with the country’s broader efforts to develop its indigenous human spaceflight program, Gaganyaan, led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). His presence aboard the ISS is symbolic of India's intention to become a key participant in the future of low Earth orbit (LEO) operations, space diplomacy, and commercial space missions.

Axiom-4 Launch: Mission Overview

The Axiom-4 mission is the fourth in a series of privately funded crewed missions to the ISS, following the successful Ax-1, Ax-2, and Ax-3 launches. Launched aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, the mission capsule — Crew Dragon — carried:

• 🇮🇳 Shubhanshu Shukla (India)

• 🇺🇸 A U.S.-based commercial astronaut

• 🇪🇸 A Spanish biologist conducting microgravity experiments

• 🇸🇦 A Saudi outreach educator working on STEM engagement

Key Mission Objectives:

• Conduct over 25 microgravity experiments

• Collaborate with space agencies and private firms on orbital research

• Promote space education and outreach

• Test technologies for future deep space missions

With these objectives, Axiom-4 is more than just a trip to space — it is a floating lab, classroom, and innovation hub.

🇮🇳 India’s Human Space Programme: Beginning of a New Era

Shukla’s journey is officially being recognized as the start of India’s human space program, a precursor to ISRO’s much-awaited Gaganyaan mission, scheduled for a possible launch in 2025-26. While Gaganyaan is expected to be India’s first entirely indigenous manned mission, Axiom-4 serves as a vital training and experience-building opportunity.

Why This Matters for India:

• Technology Transfer: Collaboration with Axiom and NASA allows India to adopt best practices in astronaut training, life-support systems, and orbital docking.

• International Cooperation: Reinforces India's position in global space diplomacy.

• Private Sector Growth: Encourages Indian startups like Skyroot Aerospace, Bellatrix Aerospace, and Dhruva Space to innovate and contribute to manned missions.

41 Years Later: Bridging the Space Generation Gap

The return of an Indian astronaut to space after four decades has sparked massive public interest. When Rakesh Sharma famously said, “Saare Jahan Se Accha” from space in 1984, he inspired a generation. Now, Shubhanshu Shukla's spaceflight is doing the same for Gen Z and Gen Alpha, especially in the era of booming STEM careers and space entrepreneurship.

This event is expected to:

• Inspire young Indians to pursue aerospace engineering, astrophysics, and space medicine

• Boost enrollment in programs like ISRO’s Young Scientist Programme (YUVIKA)

• Push universities to partner with global agencies for space research projects

Trending Keywords Analysis (2025)

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• Indian astronaut 2025

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• India ISS mission 2025

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Using these terms in social media posts, headlines, and meta descriptions can help maximize your content's visibility across platforms like Google, YouTube, and Twitter (X).

India and the Future of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Research

The ISS is no longer just a hub for U.S. and Russian astronauts. With missions like Axiom-4, it is becoming a global space station for all humanity. Shubhanshu Shukla’s role allows India to:

• Conduct bio-medical experiments relevant to Indian health issues

• Test space farming and radiation shielding for long-duration missions

• Create educational content for Indian classrooms directly from the ISS

• Explore AI-assisted spacecraft navigation

India’s ambitions for LEO-based commercial space stations are also quietly gaining ground. ISRO, in collaboration with private startups, is exploring mini-habitat modules that could orbit the Earth independently or dock with the ISS or future Axiom-built stations.

India-U.S. Space Cooperation: Stronger Than Ever

The Axiom-4 mission represents the culmination of growing India-U.S. space ties, bolstered by recent bilateral agreements under the U.S.-India Space Cooperation Framework. India was also recently inducted into the Artemis Accords, an initiative led by NASA to return humans to the Moon and explore Mars.

This cooperation offers:

• Joint development of next-gen space suits

• Enhanced deep space tracking networks

• Shared use of lunar data and rovers

• Access to U.S. space tech by Indian private players

The presence of Shubhanshu Shukla on a U.S. commercial mission is a testament to this trust and strategic alignment.

Media, Outreach & Public Response

The launch of Axiom-4 created a media frenzy across platforms. Trending hashtags included:

• #IndianAstronautReturns

• #Axiom4India

• #ShubhanshuShukla

• #ISROxAxiom

• #IndiaInSpaceAgain

Indian students from IITs, NITs, and private engineering colleges live-streamed the launch, and schools across the country held special science sessions to explain the significance of this mission. Several Indian influencers and science communicators on YouTube and Instagram created explainers and watch-parties, amplifying public excitement.

Research Projects Led by Shubhanshu Shukla

While aboard the ISS, Shubhanshu Shukla will lead or contribute to a series of Indo-centric scientific projects, including:

• Effects of microgravity on Indian dietary fibers

• Testing desi biosensors for astronaut health

• Studying Indian-origin bacterial strains and their growth patterns

• Recording educational content in Hindi and English for school curriculums

These projects aim to democratize space science and provide actionable research for Earth-based applications, including healthcare and agriculture.

 What’s Next: Countdown to Gaganyaan

Axiom-4’s success acts as a stepping stone for ISRO’s Gaganyaan — India's first indigenous manned mission. Here’s what’s ahead:

Milestone	Expected Date
Gaganyaan Unmanned Test	Late 2025
Gaganyaan Crew Mission	2026
Indian Space Station	2035+

Shubhanshu Shukla and his crewmates are likely to assist ISRO by debriefing and mentoring future Gaganyaan astronauts. This strengthens India’s capacity to independently conduct long-duration manned missions.

Conclusion: A Nation Looks Skyward Again

Shubhanshu Shukla’s journey on Axiom-4 is not just a trip to the stars, but the symbolic relaunch of India’s dream to be among spacefaring nations. After 41 years, the wait is over — and the countdown to a new era has begun.

India's return to space will have ripple effects across education, technology, geopolitics, and commerce. As the tricolor flutters in zero gravity once again, it sends a clear message to the world: India is ready for liftoff.

IN-SPACe CANSAT & Model Rocketry India Student Competition 2024–25: A Giant Leap for Student Innovation

In a remarkable step towards strengthening India’s STEM education framework, the Astronautical Society of India (ASI), in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center (IN-SPACe), has launched the IN-SPACe CANSAT and Model Rocketry India Student Competition 2024–25. This unique competition is crafted for undergraduate students across India, providing them with an opportunity to engage in experiential learning through the design, fabrication, and launch of CANSATs—can-sized satellites—using model rocketry platforms.

The event held on June 14, 2025, in Tamkuhi Raj, Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, was not a full-fledged rocket launch carrying an actual payload. Instead, it served as a critical site and systems validation test in preparation for the upcoming national student competition. This test focused on ensuring the readiness of launch site infrastructure, safety protocols, telemetry systems, and tracking mechanisms that will be used during the main events later this year. Hosting this preparatory event in a non-metro region like Kushinagar reflects the organizers' intent to decentralize space education and reach students from Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, thereby democratizing access to high-quality scientific exposure.

The competition itself is designed to simulate a miniature space mission lifecycle, from mission planning and satellite design to launch and data collection. Participating students will work in interdisciplinary teams, gaining skills in aerospace engineering, embedded systems, sensor technology, satellite telemetry, and communication systems. Beyond technical skills, the competition also builds capabilities in project management, teamwork, and innovation—key competencies for India’s evolving space-tech ecosystem. By bridging theory with practical application, the competition supports the New Education Policy’s emphasis on experiential learning.

The June 14 validation test assessed the performance of several key systems. These included the ground support equipment, safety procedures for handling solid-fuel model rockets, flight path simulations, payload integration, and real-time data transmission setups. Officials from IN-SPACe, ISRO, and ASI were present to oversee the process and provide feedback. While no actual student payloads were launched during the test, the infrastructure and procedures were thoroughly examined and optimized to ensure the competition's success.

This national-level initiative is a collaborative effort. The ASI is leading the educational outreach component, ISRO is providing technical mentoring and institutional support, and IN-SPACe is facilitating policy alignment and infrastructure access for private-sector synergy. This public-private-academic nexus is emblematic of the Indian space sector’s current trajectory—open, inclusive, and innovation-driven. The competition is also aligned with larger national missions like Start-up India, Digital India, and the SpaceCom policy, which aim to build a globally competitive space industry supported by a skilled talent pipeline.

The student competition is expected to ignite interest in space sciences at a grassroots level and attract young minds from a wide range of disciplines. Events like this are not merely about launching rockets—they are about launching dreams. The response from students and institutions across India has already been overwhelmingly positive. Many have expressed excitement at the chance to work on real-life satellite components and model rocket flights, especially in a setting that mimics ISRO’s professional mission environment.

According to an IN-SPACe official present at the event, “Events like this validate not just systems and sites, but also the ambitions of our youth. When a student from rural Uttar Pradesh gets to test a model satellite and see it soar, we know India’s future in space is secure.” Similarly, a student team member shared that participating in this competition gives them a glimpse into what it takes to work at organizations like ISRO or a space start-up—and that glimpse could be life-changing.

In conclusion, the IN-SPACe CANSAT and Model Rocketry India Student Competition 2024–25 is much more than a technical contest. It is a visionary initiative to build a strong foundation for India’s future space workforce. The Tamkuhi Raj test event has laid the groundwork for a vibrant, inclusive, and skill-driven space education ecosystem. As the main competition unfolds in the coming months, all eyes will be on India’s bright young minds as they build, launch, and innovate their way into the cosmos.

India’s Electric Hansa (E-HANSA): Pioneering Green Aviation with Indigenous Technology

India has embarked on a groundbreaking journey to revolutionize its aviation training sector with the development of the Electric Hansa (E-HANSA)—a next-generation, two-seater electric trainer aircraft developed indigenously by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research – National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) in Bengaluru. Announced by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh during a high-level monthly review meeting, this initiative places India firmly on the global map for sustainable and green aviation technologies.

E-HANSA: A Leap Toward Green Aviation

The E-HANSA aircraft is India's foray into electric aircraft development, aligning closely with national and global goals for carbon neutrality and clean energy adoption. As the world shifts towards climate-friendly technologies, the aviation industry—a traditionally high-emission sector—is witnessing a paradigm shift. The E-HANSA is expected to serve as a flagship electric trainer aircraft, integrating eco-friendly propulsion systems with cost-effective design for pilot training.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, who serves as the Vice President of CSIR, emphasized the strategic significance of E-HANSA in achieving India’s green aviation milestones. The aircraft’s electric propulsion not only minimizes carbon emissions but also reduces noise pollution and operating costs, making it an ideal fit for flying schools and training academies across the country.

A Cost-Effective Alternative to Imported Trainer Aircraft

Currently, most flight training schools in India rely heavily on imported aircraft that come with a high price tag and recurring maintenance overheads. The E-HANSA, on the other hand, is expected to cost approximately ₹2 crore, nearly half the price of its foreign counterparts. This makes it a highly affordable and accessible solution for India’s growing pilot training demands.

By offering a locally manufactured, electric-powered trainer aircraft, the E-HANSA promotes self-reliance and aligns with the "Atmanirbhar Bharat" vision. This strategic move also addresses the skills and infrastructure bottleneck in India's rapidly expanding civil aviation sector, which is predicted to become the third-largest in the world by 2030.

Built on the Legacy of HANSA-3 NG

The Electric Hansa is part of the broader HANSA-3 Next Generation (NG) program—an initiative that builds upon the success of the earlier HANSA-3 aircraft, which was India’s first indigenously developed light trainer. The E-HANSA introduces cutting-edge battery-powered electric propulsion, fly-by-wire controls, and lightweight composite materials, setting a new benchmark for next-gen flight trainers.

With the E-HANSA, CSIR-NAL is creating a scalable model for future variants of electric aircraft in the country. The long-term vision is not only to address India’s pilot training infrastructure needs but also to emerge as a global hub for green aircraft technology exports.

Role of Public-Private Partnerships: BIRAC and IN-SPACe as Models

During the review meeting, Dr. Jitendra Singh pushed for early commercialization and adoption of the E-HANSA under the public-private partnership (PPP) model. The National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) has been tasked with adopting successful frameworks from BIRAC (Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council) and IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center) to ensure faster technology transfer and startup engagement.

These models—characterized by government-backed innovation ecosystems and venture-capital support for tech startups—are seen as blueprints for scaling E-HANSA into the broader aviation market. This aligns with the government’s emphasis on the “Whole of Science, Whole of Government” approach for policy coordination and technology deployment.

ISRO’s Multi-Ministry Collaboration Sets the Precedent

The success of organizations like ISRO, which was applauded in the same meeting for its SPADEX mission and support during Operation Sindoor, showcases how inter-ministerial collaboration can fast-track India’s scientific milestones. ISRO is currently collaborating with 40 ministries and 28 states, setting a precedent that CSIR-NAL and other scientific bodies are expected to follow for E-HANSA’s nationwide rollout.

Just as IN-SPACe has opened doors for private space ventures, a similar regulatory and promotional architecture could make India the world’s electric aircraft capital by 2035.

The Bigger Picture: Green Energy, Clean Skies, and Economic Growth

India's commitment to clean energy extends across sectors—from green hydrogen to solar-powered transport, and now to electric aviation. The E-HANSA is a strategic component in India’s net-zero roadmap, aligning with global trends like ZeroAvia, Eviation Alice, and Rolls-Royce’s electric propulsion programs.

Green aviation is no longer a futuristic concept—it is an urgent requirement, and India's leadership in this space will have multiplier effects:

• Environmental Impact: Reduction of aviation-related emissions

• Skill Development: Growth of flight academies with indigenous aircraft

• Export Potential: Penetration into developing markets with affordable trainer aircraft

• Startup Ecosystem: Opportunities for battery systems, avionics, and AI integration

Training the Next Generation of Pilots

India faces a significant shortage of trained pilots, especially as air travel demand grows post-pandemic. With more than 200 flying schools expected to be operational in the next decade, E-HANSA’s affordability and operational efficiency could transform the landscape.

Electric aircraft like E-HANSA require less maintenance, have lower operational costs, and offer smooth training experiences—making them ideal for India’s tropical conditions and regulatory environments. The E-HANSA program could eventually lead to larger variants for cargo, logistics, and short-haul passenger transport as battery technology improves.

Region-Wise Chintan Shivirs and ‘Whole of Science’ Push

To ensure that local stakeholders and regional innovation clusters are part of this transformation, the government has also announced region-wise Chintan Shivirs—strategic brainstorming retreats involving scientists, administrators, and industry leaders. These Shivirs will focus on translating central scientific missions into local deployment strategies, ensuring that technologies like E-HANSA are not confined to labs or metro cities.

The "Whole of Science, Whole of Government" approach seeks to break silos and enable horizontal collaboration across ministries, startups, and academia. E-HANSA is expected to be a model mission under this new framework.

Final Thoughts: Soaring Into a Cleaner, Smarter Future

The Electric Hansa (E-HANSA) is more than just a trainer aircraft—it is a symbol of India's scientific ambition, technological capability, and commitment to sustainability. With CSIR-NAL’s legacy, policy leadership under Dr. Jitendra Singh, and support from PPP frameworks, India is well-positioned to emerge as a global leader in electric aviation.

As the E-HANSA moves from prototype to production, it will redefine the future of flight training, support India’s net-zero commitments, and inspire the next generation of aerospace innovators. In doing so, it will help India not only fly higher—but fly cleaner and smarter.

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Who is the minister who announced the development of the E-HANSA aircraft?

A. Nirmala Sitharaman
B. Piyush Goyal
C. Dr. Jitendra Singh
D. Ashwini Vaishnaw
Answer: C. Dr. Jitendra Singh

2. Which organization is developing the E-HANSA electric trainer aircraft?

A. ISRO
B. DRDO
C. HAL
D. CSIR-NAL
Answer: D. CSIR-NAL

3. What is the expected cost of the E-HANSA aircraft?

A. ₹4 crore
B. ₹3 crore
C. ₹2 crore
D. ₹5 crore
Answer: C. ₹2 crore

4. E-HANSA is part of which larger trainer aircraft program?

A. Saras
B. HANSA-3 NG
C. Tejas Trainer
D. Gaganyaan
Answer: B. HANSA-3 NG

5. Which of the following best describes a key benefit of the E-HANSA aircraft?

A. Supersonic speed
B. Manned-unmanned switching
C. Clean electric propulsion
D. Vertical takeoff capability
Answer: C. Clean electric propulsion

6. Which models are being considered for public-private partnerships in the E-HANSA initiative?

A. BARC & DRDO
B. ISRO & HAL
C. BIRAC & IN-SPACe
D. AIIMS & ICAR
Answer: C. BIRAC & IN-SPACe

7. What recent ISRO missions were mentioned in the review meeting as examples of success?

A. Mars Orbiter & Aditya
B. SPADEX & Operation Sindoor
C. Gaganyaan & Shukrayaan
D. Chandrayaan & Vikram Lander
Answer: B. SPADEX & Operation Sindoor

8. What nationwide consultative initiative will support the deployment of technologies like E-HANSA?

A. Bharat Summit
B. Aero India
C. Chintan Shivirs
D. Green Flight Week
Answer: C. Chintan Shivirs

India’s AMCA Programme Takes Flight: A Stealth Leap into the Future of Air Combat

In a major leap toward self-reliance in defense technology, India is set to develop its very own fifth-generation fighter jet—the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). In a historic move, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved an innovative execution model for the indigenous stealth fighter programme. This model brings together Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and private industry players in a competitive framework, marking a significant shift in how India approaches military aviation manufacturing.

This bold initiative comes at a critical time, as China has already fielded two fifth-generation fighters, and reports indicate it will supply 40 J-35 stealth jets to Pakistan. Against this backdrop, fast-tracking the AMCA has become an urgent national security imperative.

AMCA: India’s Indigenous Stealth Fighter Dream

The AMCA project, spearheaded by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), received its long-awaited nod from the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) in March 2024. With a projected cost of ₹15,000 crore, the AMCA will be a 25-tonne class, twin-engine, stealth multirole fighter jet, designed to serve the Indian Air Force (IAF) well into the 2060s.

With fifth-generation fighter jet capabilities such as stealth, supercruise, advanced avionics, and network-centric warfare, the AMCA is expected to fill a critical capability gap as India modernizes its air fleet.

Why India Needs the AMCA Now

India currently operates a mix of fourth-generation aircraft including the Sukhoi Su-30MKI, Mirage-2000, MiG-29, and the indigenously developed Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). While these platforms serve the IAF’s current operational needs, they lack stealth capabilities, which are essential in modern warfare to evade sophisticated radar systems.

China, on the other hand, has already inducted the Chengdu J-20 and FC-31/J-35, both fifth-generation stealth fighters. With China now reportedly set to export 40 J-35 fighters to Pakistan, India’s adversaries are rapidly upgrading their aerial capabilities. The AMCA programme, therefore, isn’t just a technological milestone—it is a strategic necessity.

Execution Model: HAL vs Private Industry

In a departure from tradition, HAL will not be the default manufacturer of the AMCA. Instead, it will have to compete—either individually or through a consortium—with private sector firms for the manufacturing contract.

Two senior defence sources independently confirmed this. “HAL will have to fight it out,” one said. The other clarified that while HAL brings legacy experience, private defense manufacturers like Tata Advanced Systems, Adani Defence, L&T, and Bharat Forge now have the capability to deliver high-quality aerospace solutions at competitive prices.

This execution model is expected to boost defense sector privatization, public-private partnerships (PPP), and innovation through competition, aligning with the ‘Make in India’ and ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiatives.

AMCA Design and Capabilities: A Technological Marvel

The AMCA will be a blend of stealth and brute force. Here’s what the final product is expected to feature:

• Stealth shaping and radar-absorbent materials

• Twin GE-F414 or indigenous engines with supercruise capability

• AI-enabled avionics and sensor fusion

• Internal weapons bay for radar evasion

• Electro-optical sensors, DRDO-developed AESA radar, and electronic warfare suites

• Open architecture for upgradability and modular maintenance

The aircraft is expected to serve in both air superiority and strike missions, providing India with the ability to penetrate contested airspace and dominate the battlespace with reduced detectability.

Development Timeline: From Prototype to Production

According to ADA officials, the development will proceed in two phases:

 Phase 1 (2024–2030):

• Prototype development and testing

• First flight by 2028

• Completion of full-scale development by 2030

 Phase 2 (2030–2035):

• Production and induction into IAF

• Production rate to be scaled up depending on IAF requirements

India is also expected to develop six prototypes, similar to the strategy adopted for the LCA Tejas.

Industrial Impact: India’s Aerospace Ecosystem Gets a Boost

The AMCA programme is poised to generate substantial economic and industrial benefits:

• Create over 1 lakh direct and indirect jobs

• Boost domestic aerospace and defense manufacturing

• Involve over 500 Indian MSMEs in the supply chain

• Enable technology transfer and skill development

This could position India as a global defense exporter, especially to friendly nations looking for cost-effective fifth-gen fighters.

Strategic Implications: India’s Response to China-Pak Axis

The induction of 40 Chinese J-35 stealth fighters by Pakistan is a serious concern. The J-35 boasts stealth features and is compatible with aircraft carriers, potentially threatening India’s naval dominance in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

India’s AMCA, in contrast, is not just a counterbalance, but a homegrown solution that enhances sovereignty, reduces foreign dependence, and signals strategic deterrence to hostile nations.

Challenges Ahead: What Could Slow Down AMCA?

Despite the optimism, several challenges must be addressed:

• Engine Development: India is still reliant on GE’s F414 engine. Indigenous engines like the GTX-35VS Kaveri remain under development.

• Funding and Budgeting: ₹15,000 crore is a starting point, but more will be needed through the production phase.

• Technological Risks: Integrating cutting-edge avionics, stealth, and AI is a complex task with high risk.

• Global Geopolitics: Technology denial regimes and export restrictions may slow down key component imports.

However, with strong political will and support from the armed forces, these challenges can be navigated.

Conclusion: AMCA is India’s Tryst with Aerial Destiny

The AMCA is not merely a fighter jet—it is a symbol of India’s strategic autonomy, technological prowess, and military modernization. With HAL, private industry, and DRDO coming together in a competitive and collaborative ecosystem, India is poised to take its place among the global leaders in next-generation combat aviation.

As the skies of the future get more contested, India’s AMCA will ensure it stays ahead in both technology and deterrence. The race is on—and this time, it’s on India’s terms.

Manasvi: IIT Delhi’s Bold Step Toward Empowering High School Girls in STEM

In a world increasingly shaped by technological advancement, ensuring gender equality in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is no longer a choice—it’s a necessity. Recognizing this, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi launched a pioneering initiative titled ‘Manasvi’, a STEM mentorship programme for high school girls. The programme, unveiled in New Delhi today, is spearheaded by the institute’s Academic Outreach and New Initiatives Office. Manasvi is not merely an educational engagement; it is a transformative platform aimed at inspiring and empowering young girls to pursue careers in STEM, fields traditionally dominated by men.

At the heart of Manasvi lies the ambition to address the deep-rooted gender disparity in STEM education and careers. Despite producing the largest number of science graduates globally, India continues to see disproportionately low female representation in STEM careers—a statistic that underscores the urgent need for such interventions. According to the UNESCO Science Report, only 14% of Indian researchers are women. This underrepresentation is not due to a lack of ability or interest, but rather a consequence of systemic barriers, cultural norms, and limited access to mentorship and opportunities. Manasvi emerges as a strategic response to these issues, offering girls not just academic exposure, but also a sense of belonging, confidence, and community.

The programme offers a rich blend of hands-on experiences, interactive learning, and direct mentorship, providing participants with a glimpse into the diverse possibilities within STEM. At IIT Delhi, participants are given access to world-class laboratories, real-time scientific experiments, and live demonstrations in fields like Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Biotechnology, and Renewable Energy. This kind of experiential learning moves beyond classroom instruction, igniting curiosity and helping students visualize themselves as future scientists, engineers, and innovators. For many of these girls, stepping into an IIT lab is not just a novel experience—it is the first tangible interaction with the world of advanced science and technology.

One of the unique pillars of Manasvi is its robust mentorship model. High school students are paired with female mentors from academia and industry, including researchers, faculty members, and post-doctoral scholars at IIT Delhi. These mentors not only provide career guidance but also share personal journeys, struggles, and successes—humanizing the often intimidating face of STEM. This interaction is critical, especially in a society where young girls often lack visible role models in science and technology fields. A mentor’s encouragement can make all the difference between a girl dropping a subject out of fear, and a girl embracing it as her calling.

The mentorship does not stop at academics. Workshops within the programme focus on soft skills development—communication, leadership, teamwork, and creative problem-solving—equipping participants with the confidence to not just enter, but thrive in competitive STEM environments. Additionally, sessions on design thinking, public speaking, digital literacy, and data analysis help cultivate a 21st-century skillset essential for emerging careers in tech and innovation.

The success of Manasvi is already evident in the voices of its participants. Ritika Sharma, a Class 11 student who attended the programme, shared how her perception of science was transformed. “Before Manasvi, I thought science was just about memorizing formulas. Now, I see that it’s about solving real-world problems and creating things that matter,” she said, adding that she now dreams of becoming a roboticist. Another participant mentioned that it was the first time she felt confident enough to ask questions in a scientific discussion, a sentiment echoed by several others.

The programme also received heartfelt praise from its mentors. Dr. Anjali Menon, a researcher at IIT Delhi and one of the core mentors of Manasvi, emphasized the value of representation and visibility. “When girls see women who look like them, think like them, and have succeeded in science, it plants a seed of belief. It tells them, ‘You belong here too.’ That is what we are trying to do with Manasvi,” she remarked. Her words underline a critical insight: visibility in STEM is as powerful as access.

Professor Sunil Kumar, who leads the Academic Outreach at IIT Delhi, elaborated on the long-term vision behind the initiative. “Manasvi is not a one-time event. It is the beginning of a movement. Our goal is to create a sustainable ecosystem of mentorship and inspiration, where girls from all backgrounds feel encouraged to choose science without hesitation or fear,” he said. The plan includes scaling the programme to other IITs and regional educational hubs, as well as establishing online mentorship networks to reach girls in rural and underserved areas.

Manasvi’s introduction is particularly timely in the context of India’s broader educational and developmental goals. As the country pushes forward with its Digital India and Make in India campaigns, and as it aims to become a global innovation powerhouse, it is imperative that female talent is not sidelined. The underrepresentation of women in STEM isn’t just a gender issue—it’s an economic one. Studies have shown that diverse teams outperform homogenous ones in innovation and profitability. Inclusion in STEM is essential not only for empowering women but also for accelerating national growth.

In this regard, Manasvi aligns strongly with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality). It also complements efforts by global movements such as Girls Who Code, She STEMs, and Women Techmakers India, creating a powerful synergy for gender-inclusive STEM education.

What makes Manasvi especially promising is its focus on long-term community building. Beyond the initial exposure, participants are invited to become part of an evolving alumni network—a digital community where they can continue to interact with mentors, participate in STEM challenges, attend webinars, and even mentor others in the future. This peer-support ecosystem is designed to be self-sustaining, enabling a ripple effect where today’s mentees become tomorrow’s leaders and mentors.

Looking ahead, the IIT Delhi team plans to expand Manasvi’s footprint by collaborating with Kendriya Vidyalayas, Navodaya Vidyalayas, tribal schools, and NGOs working in education and gender empowerment. Discussions are also underway to bring private sector partners and philanthropic organizations on board to support resource mobilization, internship opportunities, and technology labs for aspiring girls.

The long-term vision is clear: to create a national framework for STEM mentorship, led by IITs, IISERs, CSIR institutions, and key stakeholders in education and industry. By empowering girls early, India can ensure that its future scientists, technologists, engineers, and mathematicians come from all walks of life—not just the privileged few.

In conclusion, Manasvi is more than a mentorship initiative; it is a powerful catalyst for social change. It tells every girl in India that she can code, build, invent, research, and lead. It asserts that STEM is not just a man’s world—it’s hers too. As we celebrate this bold initiative by IIT Delhi, let us remember that the journey to equality in STEM begins with belief—and Manasvi is lighting that belief in young hearts across the nation.

DRDO Successfully Tests Stratospheric Airship Platform: A Leap in India's High-Altitude Defence Technology

In a groundbreaking achievement, India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted the maiden flight-trials of its Stratospheric Airship Platform on May 3, 2025. Developed by the Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) in Agra, this high-altitude platform marks a historic milestone in India’s march toward advanced aerospace systems and cutting-edge defence technology.

What Is a Stratospheric Airship Platform?

A stratospheric airship is a lighter-than-air, unmanned aerial vehicle designed to fly at stratospheric altitudes—typically between 17 to 20 kilometers—well above commercial air traffic and weather disturbances. These airships serve as High-Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) and are envisioned as persistent platforms for earth observation, telecommunication, disaster management, and most importantly, Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) operations.

Unlike traditional satellites, HAPS like the DRDO’s airship offer cost-effective, re-deployable, and long-endurance surveillance capabilities without the complexity of orbital mechanics.

Details of the Maiden Flight

The recent test, conducted at DRDO’s trial site in Sheopur, Madhya Pradesh, involved the launch of the prototype airship carrying an instrumental payload to an altitude of around 17 kilometers. The total duration of the flight was 62 minutes, during which key systems were evaluated for performance, stability, and data acquisition.

Notably, the onboard envelope pressure control system and emergency deflation mechanisms were tested in-flight. These systems are critical for maintaining the structural integrity and controllability of the airship at stratospheric heights.

After a successful mission, the airship system was recovered for post-flight analysis and further technological refinement.

A Step Toward Persistent Surveillance and Communication

This successful trial represents a technological leap in India’s ISR capabilities. By reaching the stratosphere, the airship bypasses common operational limitations found in both aircraft and satellites:

• Greater persistence than aircraft or drones

• Lower latency and better flexibility than satellites

• Real-time data acquisition for ISR and earth observation applications

Such platforms are poised to revolutionize military reconnaissance, enabling real-time tracking of troop movements, border surveillance, and even monitoring of maritime zones and economic corridors.

Strategic Significance: Rajnath Singh’s Vision for India’s Defence

Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh applauded the DRDO’s achievement, stating that the system will uniquely enhance India’s strategic capabilities in earth observation and ISR. He highlighted the indigenous nature of the project, calling it a testament to Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) in the defence sector.

“India now joins the elite group of nations capable of developing and deploying indigenous high-altitude stratospheric airship systems,” he stated.

This not only boosts India's technological sovereignty but also demonstrates the nation's capacity to leapfrog traditional defence technologies and invest in futuristic platforms.

Vision of DRDO Chairman: Long-Endurance at Stratospheric Heights

Dr. Samir V Kamat, Secretary of the Department of Defence R&D and Chairman of DRDO, commended the entire development team for this landmark accomplishment. He emphasized that the successful prototype trial is a crucial milestone toward the realization of next-generation high-altitude platform systems with long-endurance capabilities.

These systems, when fully developed, will be capable of remaining airborne for weeks or even months, powered by solar energy or hybrid systems. They will enable a continuous surveillance grid, significantly reducing blind spots and enhancing India’s situational awareness across critical domains.

Applications Beyond Defence: Civilian and Commercial Potential

Although the immediate focus of the DRDO's stratospheric airship is defence, the implications of this technology are far-reaching. Some dual-use and civilian applications include:

• Disaster monitoring and early warning systems

• Environmental monitoring and emissions tracking

• Telecommunications in remote regions

• Navigation and remote sensing for agriculture and infrastructure

With India’s growing ambitions in space and aerial technology, this platform offers a low-cost alternative to satellite systems.

Trending Defence Technology: Why HAPS Are Gaining Global Attention

The global defence community has seen a growing interest in High-Altitude Pseudo-Satellites (HAPS) like the stratospheric airship, particularly for their advantages in tactical and strategic surveillance. Countries like the USA, China, Japan, and South Korea are actively exploring lighter-than-air systems to complement their satellite constellations.

India’s entry into this field, particularly with an indigenous prototype, sends a strong signal of technological maturity and strategic foresight.

Technical Features Evaluated During Flight Trial

The successful trial of the DRDO’s stratospheric airship involved the deployment and evaluation of several critical systems:

• Envelope Pressure Control System

• Emergency Deflation System

• Onboard Sensor Suite for real-time telemetry

• High-Fidelity Simulation Models for future missions

These evaluations are part of a larger roadmap that includes payload integration, autonomous navigation, and long-duration stability.

What Lies Ahead: DRDO’s Roadmap for HAPS

Following the success of this trial, DRDO is expected to:

• Enhance payload capacities

• Integrate renewable energy sources

• Develop AI-powered navigation systems

• Expand into disaster management frameworks

• Collaborate with ISRO, BEL, and private players

This airship initiative will likely become part of a broader aerial and space-based infrastructure.

International Comparison: India vs. Global HAPS Programs

Country	Platform Type	Endurance	Application Domain
India	Stratospheric Airship	1+ hours (prototype)	ISR, Earth Observation
USA	Zephyr, Raven Aerostar	Weeks	ISR, Communication
China	Yuanmeng Airship	Days to Weeks	Military Recon, Navigation
UK	Airbus Zephyr	30+ Days	Surveillance, Telecom

Key Takeaways

• DRDO successfully tested its first stratospheric airship platform

• Altitude: 17 km, Flight duration: 62 minutes

• Systems tested: Pressure control, emergency deflation, sensors

• Enhances India’s ISR, earth observation, and surveillance

• Signals Atmanirbhar Bharat in future defence technologies

• Dual-use potential: disaster relief, telecom, agriculture, environment

Conclusion

The successful flight-trial of the Stratospheric Airship Platform by DRDO represents a quantum leap in India’s aerospace and defence capabilities. As the world races to harness the power of High-Altitude Platform Systems, India’s indigenous solution positions the country among the elite. With further development, these airships may redefine the future of persistent surveillance, secure communication, and multi-domain awareness.